Why should one learn the shell?
Advantages
General advantages of Command Line Interfaces compared to Graphical User Interfaces:
Robust automation
Easy Transition between interactive work/exploration and automation
Advantages of using the Bash shell for scientific research:
Working with HPC:
Bash scripts are the best way to launch jobs on a supercomputer
the shell is the best supported way to interact with a supercomputer
Bash scripting helps with Reproducibility which is paramount for scientists
it is convenient to call other programs, including the ones from the UNIX ecosystem
many built-in features
portability
Limitations
For some tasks it might be better to use other tools, because of:
obscure syntax
focus on interactivity and writability, not on readability and ease of maintenance
lack of complex data structures
Moreover, it is unsuitable for:
heavy-duty math operations
Extensive file operations
But these limitations can be avoided by using programs written in other languages.